7 June 1929 .. Declaration of the Vatican as an independent sovereign state
On Friday, June 7, the 90th anniversary of the Declaration of the State of the Vatican is an independent state. Its independence from Italy was declared in 1929 to become a state with borders and independent sovereignty administered by the Pope.
The Vatican State is the smallest country in the world, with an area of 0.44 square kilometers, located in the heart of the Italian capital of Rome, surrounded by special walls to separate it from the rest of the capital, with a population of 1000 according to the statistics of 2017.
The Vatican's independence from Italy was declared in 1929, following the signing of three treaties in the palace of Latran between the Italian government led by Benito Mussellini and Cardinal Pietro Caspari, the representative of Pope Pius XI. These agreements were known as the Treaty of Latran. Provided that the Vatican with its current borders, a separate part of the Italian state and administered by the Pope.
The Vatican is headed by the archbishop of Rome, elected by the Cardinals' complex with unlimited powers for life, but does not actually exercise any of its powers over administrative, political and legal matters, leaving the Vatican's prime minister, usually Cardinal Kensi, appointed by the Vatican. the pope.
Papal peace is the national anthem of the Vatican, composed by Frenchman Charles Gonot during the 19th century for the occasion of the Golden Jubilee Mass for the accession of Pope Pius IX the sacrament of the priesthood.
The Vatican is listed on the UNESCO list as one of the world's heritage sites. It is the only country listed in its entirety. Its main monuments are confined to three regions due to the small size of the country. The first area is St. Peter's Cathedral, which is now the largest church in the world. The second is the Apostolic Palace, which includes several separate buildings covering the pope's residence, the official meeting hall and the headquarters of a number of synagogues, the library of the Vatican and the museums alongside the archives. The third area is the Vatican Gardens. The Vatican also contains 70 streets and squares. .
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